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Physical Review Letters
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November 6, 2009 A rendition of a nonlinear fluid flowing through a disordered porous (Swiss-cheese) medium.
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November 2, 2009
Čerenkov radiation with the emission cone reversed has been observed in a metamaterial with negative refractive index. [Viewpoint on Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194801 (2009)] Read Article | More Viewponts |
November 2, 2009
An advance in attosecond pulse generation will make it easier to produce a single pulse. [Synopsis on Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 183901 (2009)] Read Article | More Synopses |
November 2, 2009
When crystal formation is purely entropy driven, as is the case for superstructures of nanoparticles with hard-sphere interactions, new simulations that can run at finite temperature are needed. [Synopsis on Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 188302 (2009)] Read Article | More Synopses |
October 13, 2009 The first update to REVTeX since 2001 is now available. REVTeX 4.1 includes bug fixes, improved functionality, and support for a wider range of journals, including those of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). REVTEX 4.1 was developed jointly by APS, AIP, and Arthur Ogawa. Additional work was done by Patrick Daly to incorporate our suggested improvements into his natbib package to address many new features concerning bibliographies. For more information, please visit http://authors.aps.org/revtex4/. More News/Announcements
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June 29, 2009 We at PRL work continuously to ensure that the journal fulfills its mission, to allow readers to “learn about all the latest significant developments in physics research” . To accomplish this the journal must publish only the best papers, must not turn away suitable papers, and must act with reasonable promptness.
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May 11, 2009
How can the scientific publishing enterprise deal with the increasing specialization of individual physicists? The possible aids include virtual journals, the new APS journal Physics, and the possibility of artificial intelligence programs. Read More | More PRL 50th Editorials
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February 9, 2009 Impact factors are a bit like television’s Nielsen ratings. You scrutinize them and take credit if you are a beneficiary, but they are a tad unsavory! Physicists ostensibly do not write to garner citations; they merely prefer to publish in journals with high impact factors.
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October 30, 2009
Researchers measured how the electrical conductance between two C 60 molecules depends on their distance and orientation.
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More Focus Articles
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To promote reading across fields, the editors of Physical Review Letters offer "Suggestions" each week of papers that they hope will lead readers to explore other areas of physics. Please see our Announcement PRL 98, 010001 (2007).
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Sergey N. Galyamin, Andrey V. Tyukhtin, Alexey Kanareykin, and Paul Schoessow
We analyze the radiation from a charged particle crossing the boundary between an ordinary medium and a “left-handed” metamaterial. We obtain exact and approximate expressions for the field components and develop algorithms for their computation. The spatial radiation in this system can be separ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194802
] Published Mon Nov 2, 2009
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Sheng Xi, Hongsheng Chen, Tao Jiang, Lixin Ran, Jiangtao Huangfu, Bae-Ian Wu, Jin Au Kong, and Min Chen
By using a phased electromagnetic dipole array to model a moving charged particle, we experimentally verified a reversed Cherenkov radiation in the left-handed media in the frequency range from 8.1 to 9.5 GHz. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of new types of particle detectors and radiation ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194801
] Published Mon Nov 2, 2009
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Laura Filion, Matthieu Marechal, Bas van Oorschot, Daniël Pelt, Frank Smallenburg, and Marjolein Dijkstra
We present an efficient and robust method based on Monte Carlo simulations for predicting crystal structures at finite temperature. We apply this method, which is surprisingly easy to implement, to a variety of systems, demonstrating its effectiveness for hard, attractive, and anisotropic interacti...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 188302
] Published Thu Oct 29, 2009
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Badr Kaoui, George Biros, and Chaouqi Misbah
Understanding why red blood cells (RBCs) move with an asymmetric shape (slipperlike shape) in small blood vessels is a long-standing puzzle in blood circulatory research. By considering a vesicle (a model system for RBCs), we discovered that the slipper shape results from a loss in stability of the ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 188101
] Published Mon Oct 26, 2009
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Ximao Feng, Steve Gilbertson, Hiroki Mashiko, He Wang, Sabih D. Khan, Michael Chini, Yi Wu, Kun Zhao, and Zenghu Chang
Isolated attosecond pulses are powerful tools for exploring electron dynamics in matter. So far, such extreme ultraviolet pulses have only been generated using high power, few-cycle lasers, which are very difficult to construct and operate. We propose and demonstrate a technique called generalized d...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 183901
] Published Mon Oct 26, 2009
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F. Chiodi, M. Aprili, and B. Reulet
We use microwave excitation to elucidate the dynamics of long superconductor–normal metal–superconductor Josephson junctions. By varying the excitation frequency in the range 10 MHz–40 GHz, we observe that the critical and retrapping currents, deduced from the dc voltage versus dc current ch...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 177002
] Published Fri Oct 23, 2009
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Scott Dodelson and Mika Vesterinen
Neutrinos decoupled from the rest of the cosmic plasma when the Universe was less than one second old, far earlier than the photons, which decoupled at t=380 000 years. Surprisingly, though, the last scattering surface of massive neutrinos is much closer to us than that of the photons. Here we cal...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 171301
] Published Mon Oct 19, 2009
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R. A. Duine and H. T. C. Stoof
We show how time-dependent magnetic fields lead to spin motive forces and spin drag in a spinor Bose gas. We propose to observe these effects in a toroidal trap and analyze this particular proposal in some detail. In the linear-response regime we define a transport coefficient that is analogous to t...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 170401
] Published Mon Oct 19, 2009
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Paola Gori-Giorgi, Michael Seidl, and G. Vignale
We present an alternative to the Kohn-Sham formulation of density-functional theory for the ground-state properties of strongly interacting electronic systems. The idea is to start from the limit of zero kinetic energy and systematically expand the universal energy functional of the density in power...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 166402
] Published Mon Oct 12, 2009
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Fabio Franchini and Vladimir E. Kravtsov
We propose a Gaussian scalar field theory in a curved 2D metric with an event horizon as the low-energy effective theory for a weakly confined, invariant random matrix ensemble (RME). The presence of an event horizon naturally generates a bath of Hawking radiation, which introduces a finite temperat...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 166401
] Published Mon Oct 12, 2009
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General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
Lior Turgeman, Shai Carmi, and Eli Barkai
We derive backward and forward fractional Feynman-Kac equations for the distribution of functionals of the path of a particle undergoing anomalous diffusion. Fractional substantial derivatives introduced by Friedrich and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 230601 (2006)] provide the correct fractional ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 190201
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Uttam Shrestha, Juha Javanainen, and Janne Ruostekoski
We study numerically the outcome of the phase separation instability of a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. When only one excitation mode is unstable a bound pair of bright and dark solitonlike structures periodically appears and disappears, whereas for more than one unsta...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 190401
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Gravitation and Astrophysics
O. Scholten, S. Buitink, J. Bacelar, R. Braun, A. G. de Bruyn, H. Falcke, K. Singh, B. Stappers, R. G. Strom, and R. al Yahyaoui
Particle cascades initiated by ultrahigh energy neutrinos in the lunar regolith will emit an electromagnetic pulse with a time duration of the order of nanoseconds through a process known as the Askaryan effect. It has been shown that in an observing window around 150 MHz there is a maximum chance ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 191301
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Elementary Particles and Fields
Dam T. Son and Piotr Surówka
We consider the hydrodynamic regime of theories with quantum anomalies for global currents. We show that a hitherto discarded term in the conserved current is not only allowed by symmetries, but is in fact required by triangle anomalies and the second law of thermodynamics. This term leads to a numb...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 191601
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
O. M. Braun, I. Barel, and M. Urbakh
We propose a model for a description of dynamics of cracklike processes that occur at the interface between two blocks prior to the onset of frictional motion. We find that the onset of sliding is preceded by well-defined detachment fronts initiated at the slider trailing edge and extended across th...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194301
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Plasma and Beam Physics
M. D. Alaimo, M. A. C. Potenza, M. Manfredda, G. Geloni, M. Sztucki, T. Narayanan, and M. Giglio
We present a novel method to map the two-dimensional transverse coherence of an x-ray beam using the dynamical near-field speckles formed by scattering from colloidal particles. Owing to the statistical nature of the method, the coherence properties of synchrotron radiation from an undulator source ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194805
] Published Thu Nov 5, 2009
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Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
C. Klempt, O. Topic, G. Gebreyesus, M. Scherer, T. Henninger, P. Hyllus, W. Ertmer, L. Santos, and J. J. Arlt
We analyze the spinor dynamics of a 87Rb F=2 condensate initially prepared in the mF=0 Zeeman sublevel. We show that this dynamics, characterized by the creation of correlated atomic pairs in mF=±1, presents an intriguing multiresonant magnetic-field dependence induced by the trap inhomogeneity. Th...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 195302
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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M. Xu, Y. Q. Cheng, H. W. Sheng, and E. Ma
Using electronic structure calculations, we demonstrate a global valence alternation in the amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5, a prototype phase-change alloy for data storage. The resulting p bonding profoundly influences the local atomic structure, leading to right-angle components similar to those in the crysta...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 195502
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
Leonardo Spanu, Sandro Sorella, and Giulia Galli
We compute the interlayer bonding properties of graphite using an ab initio many-body theory. We carry out variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations and find an equilibrium interlayer binding energy in good agreement with most recent experiments. We also analyze the behavior of th...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 196401
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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C. W. Groth, M. Wimmer, A. R. Akhmerov, J. Tworzydło, and C. W. J. Beenakker
We present an effective medium theory that explains the disorder-induced transition into a phase of quantized conductance, discovered in computer simulations of HgTe quantum wells. It is the combination of a random potential and quadratic corrections ∝p2σz to the Dirac Hamiltonian that can drive ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 196805
] Published Fri Nov 6, 2009
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Papers recently accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters (view more).
General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
Perfect distinguishability of quantum operations
Runyao Duan, Yuan Feng and Mingsheng Ying
We provide a feasible necessary and sufficient condition for when an unknown quantum operation (quantum device) secretely selected from a set of known quantum operations can be identified perfectly within a finite number of queries, and thus complete the characterization of the perfect distinguishability of quantum operations. We further design an optimal protocol which can achieve the perfect discrimination between two quantum operations by a minimal number of queries. Interestingly, we find that an optimal perfect discrimination between two isometries is always achievable without auxiliary systems or entanglement.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Experimental characterization of entanglement dynamics in noisy channels
Jin Xu Shi, Chu Lian Feng, Xia Xuo Ye, ChengHao Shi, XuBo Zou and GuangCan Guo
We experimentally characterize the bipartite entanglement under one-sided open system dynamics and verify the recently formulated entanglement factorization law [Nature Phys., 4, 99 (2008)]. The one-sided open system dynamics is realized by implementing a phase damping and an amplitude decay channel, respectively, acting on one of the qubits, by an all-optical setup. Our results greatly simplify the characterization of entanglement dynamics and will play important roles on the construction of complex quantum networks.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Anderson localization of solitons
Krzysztof Sacha, Cord A. Muller, Dominique Delande and Jakub Zakrzewski
At low temperature, a quasi-one-dimensional ensemble of atoms with attractive interaction forms a bright soliton. When exposed to a weak and smooth external potential, the shape of the soliton is hardly modified, but its center-of-mass motion is affected. We show that in a spatially correlated disordered potential, the quantum motion of a bright soliton displays Anderson localization. The localization length can be much larger than the soliton size and could be observed experimentally.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Mixed state discrimination using optimal control
B. L. Higgins, B. M. Booth, A. C. Doherty, S. D. Bartlett, H. M. Wiseman and G. J. Pryde
We present theory and experiment for the task of discriminating two nonorthogonal states, given multiple copies. We implement several local measurement schemes, on both pure states and states mixed by depolarizing noise. We find that schemes which, without noise, are optimal (or have optimal scaling), perform worse with noise than simply repeating the optimal single-copy measurement. Applying optimal control theory, we derive the globally-optimal local measurement strategy, which outperforms all other local schemes, and experimentally implement it for various levels of noise.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Expectation values in the Lieb Liniger Bose gas
M. Kormos, G. Mussardo and A. Trombettoni
The expectation values of field operators are basic quantities of any interacting quantum theory, both for theoretical and experimental reasons. We present a novel method to compute, at zero and finite temperature, expectation values in the Lieb-Liniger model. These quantities, relevant in the physics of one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases, are expressed by a series that has a remarkable behavior of convergence. Among other results, we show the computation of the three-body expectation value at finite temperature, a quantity that rules the recombination rate of the Bose gas.
Accepted Thu Nov 5, 2009
Gravitation and Astrophysics
Supersoft symmetry energy encountering non Newtonian gravity in neutron stars
DeHua Wen, Bao Li An and LieWen Chen
Considering the non-Newtonian gravity proposed in the grand unification theories, we show that the stability and observed global properties of neutron stars can not rule out the super-soft nuclear symmetry energies at supra-saturation densities. The degree of possible violation of the Inverse-Square-Law of gravity in neutron stars is estimated using an Equation of State (EOS) of neutron-rich nuclear matter consistent with the available terrestrial laboratory data.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Elementary Particles and Fields
Azimuthal charged particle correlations and possible local strong parity violation
B. I. Abelev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. V. Alakhverdyants, B. D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G. S. Averichev, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L. S. Barnby, S. Baumgart, D. R. Beavis, R. Bellwied, F. Benedosso, M. J. Betancourt, R. R. Betts, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, B. Biritz, L. C. Bland and I. Bnzarov
Parity-odd domains, corresponding to non-trivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the system's orbital momentum axis. We investigate a three particle azimuthal correlator which is a #182;nbsp;even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge separation effect. We report measurements of charged hadrons near center-of-mass rapidity with this observable in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at {sNN}=200nbsp;GeV using the STAR detector. A signal consistent with several expectations from the theory is detected. We discuss possible contributions from other effects that are not related to parity violation.
Accepted Thu Nov 5, 2009
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Electron localization in molecular fragmentation of H{_{2}} by carrier envelope phase stabilized laser pulses
Manuel Kremer, Bettina Fischer, Bernold Feuerstein, Vit de Jesusor L. B., Vandana Sharma, Christian Hofrichter, Artem Rudenko, Uwe Thumm, Claus Dieter Schroter, Robert Moshammer and Joachim Ullrich
Fully differential data for H2-dissociation in ultra-short (6 fs,760nm), linearly polarized, intense (0.44 PW/cm2) laser pulses with stabilized carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) were recorded with a reaction microscope. Depending on the CEP, the molecular orientation, and the kinetic energy release (KER) we find asymmetric proton emission at low KERs (0-3 eV), basically predicted in , and much stronger than reported in . Wave packet propagation calculations reproduce the salient features and discard, together with the observed KER-independent electron asymmetry, the first ionization step to be the reason for the asymmetric proton emission.
Accepted Fri Nov 6, 2009
Precision lifetime measurements of He^{-} in a cryogenic electrostatic ion beam trap
P. Reinhed, A. Orban, J. Werner, S. Rosen, R. D. Thomas, I. Kashperka, H. A. B. Johansson, D. Misra, L. Brannholm, M. Bjorkhage, H. Cederquist and H. T. Schmidt
We have developed a small purely electrostatic ion-beam trap which may be operated in thermal equilibrium at precisely controlled temperatures down to 10 K. Thus, we avoid magnetic field induced mixing of quantum states and may effectively eliminate any influence from absorption of photons from black-body radiation. We report the first correction free measurement of the lifetime of the 1s2s2p 4Po5/2 level of 4He- yielding the high precision result 359.00.7 ms. This result is an essential proof-of-principle for cryogenic electrostatic storage rings and traps for atomic and molecular physics.
Accepted Thu Nov 5, 2009
Spin manipulation using the light shift effect in rubidium atoms
T. Moriyasu, D. Nomoto, Y. Koyama, Y. Fukuda and T. Kohmoto
Optical manipulation of spin coherence in rubidium atoms is studied. The effect of off-resonant and circularly polarized light on optically induced magnetization is investigated. The change in precession frequency caused by the light-shift effect is verified. Absorption-free phase control of spin precession and pure spin rotation about an arbitrary axis are demonstrated. A theory of precession frequency shift that includes the effect of absorption is considered by using the density matrix and the experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of the theory. Thus, we show that it is possible to carry out off-resonant control of spin coherence and all-optical manipulation of spins.
Accepted Thu Nov 5, 2009
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